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Linux客户端挂载文件系统

<p> </p> <p><a id="方法一：手动挂载" name="方法一：手动挂载"><span style="font-size:16px"><strong>方法一：手动挂载</strong></span></a></p> <p><span style="font-size:16px"><strong>操作步骤</strong></span></p> <p>1.    使用SSH等工具进入Linux客户端的命令行模式。</p> <p>2.    检测及安装NFS客户端软件包。</p> <ul> <li>检测是否已经安装NFS客户端软件包：</li> </ul> <table border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" style="width:813px"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="background-color:#ededed; width:805px"> <span style="font-family:Consolas">    </span># rpm -qa | egrep "nfs|rpcbind"  </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <ul> <li>安装所需的客户端NFS软件包：</li> </ul> <table border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" style="width:813px"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="background-color:#ededed; width:805px"> <span style="font-family:Consolas">    </span># yum install -y nfs-utils  rpcbind</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>3.    增加挂载目录，执行如下命令：</p> <table border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" style="width:813px"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="background-color:#ededed; width:805px"> <span style="font-family:Consolas">    # mkdir /tmp/test                                               </span></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>4.    执行挂载命令，本例中服务器IP为：10.10.10.10，共享目录为：/tmp/servertest：</p> <table border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" style="width:813px"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="background-color:#ededed; width:805px"> <span style="font-family:Consolas"> </span>  # mount -t nfs 10.10.10.10:/tmp/servertest /tmp/test -o rw,soft,intr,rsize=32768,wsize=32768,tcp,timeo=300<span style="font-family:Consolas">               </span></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>5.    进入目录验证，并创建新的文件，执行命令如下：</p> <table border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" style="width:813px"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="background-color:#ededed; width:805px"> <span style="font-family:Consolas">  </span>   # cd /tmp/test <p>       # touch /tmp/test/test.txt<span style="font-family:Consolas">                                          </span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p><a name="方法二：自动挂载"><span style="font-size:16px"><strong>方法二：自动挂载</strong></span></a></p> <p><a name="CentOS6.X 客户端配置自动挂载"><span style="font-size:16px"><strong>CentOS6.X 客户端配置自动挂载</strong></span></a></p> <p>对CentOS6.X客户端，设置cloud NAS卷自动挂载，本例中客户端挂载目录为/efsclient/test，服务器的IP为10.10.10.10，服务器卷的路径为/tmp/servertest，进入客户端的命令行。</p> <p><span style="font-size:16px"><strong>操作步骤</strong></span></p> <p>1.    以root用户登录系统；如果当前用户不是root用户：</p> <table border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" style="width:813px"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="background-color:#ededed; width:805px"> <span style="font-family:Consolas">  </span> # sudo su<span style="font-family:Consolas">                                          </span></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>然后输入当前用户的密码。</p> <p>2.    安装autofs软件包：</p> <table border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" style="width:813px"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="background-color:#ededed; width:805px"> <span style="font-family:Consolas">   </span># yum -y install autofs</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>3.    查看是否配置过automount：</p> <table border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" style="width:813px"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="background-color:#ededed; width:805px"> <span style="font-family:Consolas">   </span># cat /etc/auto.nfsc</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>查看主机是否已经挂载过其他cloud NAS卷，如果没有配置过，需要执行以下步骤，如果已经配置过，只需执行8~9步即可：</p> <table border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" style="width:813px"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="background-color:#ededed; width:805px"> <span style="font-family:Consolas">   </span># df -t nfs -Ph</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>4.    查看/etc/sysctl.conf：</p> <table border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" style="width:813px"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="background-color:#ededed; width:805px"> <span style="font-family:Consolas">   </span># cat /etc/sysctl.conf</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>如无以下配置,需要执行如下命令，先备份sysctl.conf</p> <table border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" style="width:813px"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="background-color:#ededed; width:805px"> <span style="font-family:Consolas">   </span># cp -p /etc/sysctl.conf /etc/sysctl.conf.`date +%F_%T`</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>写入配置：</p> <table border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" style="width:813px"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="background-color:#ededed; width:805px"> <span style="font-family:Consolas">   </span># echo "net.core.rmem_default = 2621440" » /etc/sysctl.conf <p>       # echo "net.core.wmem_default = 2621440" » /etc/sysctl.conf</p> <p>       # echo "net.core.rmem_max = 2621440" » /etc/sysctl.conf</p> <p>       # echo "net.core.wmem_max = 2621440" » /etc/sysctl.conf</p> <p>       # echo "net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4096 655360 2621440" » /etc/sysctl.conf</p> <p>       # echo "net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 4096 655360 2621440" » /etc/sysctl.conf</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>使配置立即生效：</p> <table border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" style="width:813px"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="background-color:#ededed; width:805px"> <span style="font-family:Consolas">   </span># sysctl -p</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>5.    检查portmap（rpcbind）和nfslock服务并配置</p> <p>       启动rpcbind服务：</p> <table border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" style="width:813px"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="background-color:#ededed; width:805px"> <span style="font-family:Consolas">   </span># service rpcbind start</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>       查看rpcbind服务：</p> <table border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" style="width:813px"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="background-color:#ededed; width:805px"> <span style="font-family:Consolas">   </span> # service rpcbind status</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>       设置rpcbind服务开机自启动：</p> <table border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" style="width:813px"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="background-color:#ededed; width:805px"> <span style="font-family:Consolas">   </span># chkconfig rpcbind on</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>       列出rpcbind服务信息：</p> <table border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" style="width:813px"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="background-color:#ededed; width:805px"> <span style="font-family:Consolas">   </span># chkconfig --list rpcbind</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>6.    设置自动挂载</p> <p>备份自动挂载配置文件：</p> <table border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" style="width:813px"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="background-color:#ededed; width:805px"> <span style="font-family:Consolas">   </span># cp -p /etc/auto.master /etc/auto.master.`date +%F_%T`</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>写入配置：</p> <table border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" style="width:813px"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="background-color:#ededed; width:805px"> <span style="font-family:Consolas">   </span># echo "/efsclient /etc/auto.nfsc –timeout=60" » /etc/auto.master</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>查看并启用配置：</p> <p>列出autofs服务信息：</p> <table border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" style="width:813px"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="background-color:#ededed; width:805px"> <span style="font-family:Consolas">   </span> # chkconfig --list autofs</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>    设置autofs服务开机自启动：</p> <table border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" style="width:813px"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="background-color:#ededed; width:805px"> <span style="font-family:Consolas">   </span># chkconfig autofs on</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>列出autofs服务信息：</p> <table border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" style="width:813px"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="background-color:#ededed; width:805px"> <span style="font-family:Consolas">   </span># chkconfig --list autofs</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>开启服务：</p> <table border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" style="width:813px"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="background-color:#ededed; width:805px"> <span style="font-family:Consolas">   </span># service autofs start</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>       7.    配置auto.nfsc文件：</p> <table border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" style="width:813px"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="background-color:#ededed; width:805px"> <span style="font-family:Consolas">   </span># vi auto.nfsc</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>       写入卷信息：</p> <table border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" style="width:813px"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="background-color:#ededed; width:805px"> <span style="font-family:Consolas">   </span> test -rw,soft,intr,rsize=32768,wsize=32768,tcp,timeo=300 10.10.10.10:/tmp/servertest</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>保存auto.nfsc</p> <p>说明：</p> <p>第一段test为os本地目录挂载点；</p> <p>第二段为挂载参数：rw为读写模式、ro为只读模式；</p> <p>第三段10.10.10.10:/tmp/servertest是cloud NAS卷路径。</p> <p>使配置生效：</p> <table border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" style="width:813px"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="background-color:#ededed; width:805px"> <span style="font-family:Consolas">   </span># service autofs reload</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>8.    触发automount自动挂卷：</p> <table border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" style="width:813px"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="background-color:#ededed; width:805px"> <span style="font-family:Consolas">   </span># ls -dl /efsclient/test/</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>9.    验证挂载是否成功，若能看到挂载的信息，表示挂载成功：</p> <table border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" style="width:813px"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="background-color:#ededed; width:805px"> <span style="font-family:Consolas">   </span># df –t nfs –Ph | grep /tmp/servertest</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>验证读写：</p> <table border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" style="width:813px"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="background-color:#ededed; width:805px"> <span style="font-family:Consolas">   </span># touch /efsclient/test/test.txt</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p> </p> <p><a name="CentOS7.X 客户端配置自动挂载"><span style="font-size:16px"><strong>CentOS7.X 客户端配置自动挂载</strong></span></a></p> <p>对CentOS7.X客户端，设置cloud NAS 卷自动挂载，本例中客户端挂载目录为/efsclient/test，服务器的IP为10.10.10.10，服务器卷的路径为/tmp/servertest，进入客户端的命令行。</p> <p><span style="font-size:16px"><strong>操作步骤</strong></span></p> <p>1.    以root用户登录系统；如果当前用户不是root用户：</p> <table border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" style="width:813px"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="background-color:#ededed; width:805px"> <span style="font-family:Consolas">   </span># sudo su</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>然后输入当前用户的密码。</p> <p>2.    安装autofs软件包：</p> <table border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" style="width:813px"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="background-color:#ededed; width:805px"> <span style="font-family:Consolas">   </span># yum -y install autofs</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>3.    查看是否配置过automount：</p> <table border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" style="width:813px"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="background-color:#ededed; width:805px"> <span style="font-family:Consolas">   </span># cat /etc/auto.nfsc</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>查看主机是否已经挂载过其他cloud NAS卷，如果没有配置过，需要执行以下步骤，如果已经配置过，只需执行8~9步即可：</p> <table border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" style="width:813px"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="background-color:#ededed; width:805px"> <span style="font-family:Consolas">   </span>df -t nfs -Ph</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>4.    查看/etc/sysctl.conf：</p> <table border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" style="width:813px"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="background-color:#ededed; width:805px"> <span style="font-family:Consolas">   </span># cat /etc/sysctl.conf</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>如无以下配置,需要执行如下命令，先备份sysctl.conf：</p> <table border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" style="width:813px"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="background-color:#ededed; width:805px"> <span style="font-family:Consolas">   </span># cp -p /etc/sysctl.conf /etc/sysctl.conf.`date +%F_%T`</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>写入配置：</p> <table border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" style="width:813px"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="background-color:#ededed; width:805px"> <span style="font-family:Consolas">   </span> # echo "net.core.rmem_default = 2621440" » /etc/sysctl.conf <p>       # echo "net.core.wmem_default = 2621440" » /etc/sysctl.conf</p> <p>       # echo "net.core.rmem_max = 2621440" » /etc/sysctl.conf</p> <p>       # echo "net.core.wmem_max = 2621440" » /etc/sysctl.conf</p> <p>       # echo "net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4096 655360 2621440" » /etc/sysctl.conf</p> <p>       # echo "net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 4096 655360 2621440" » /etc/sysctl.conf</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>使配置立即生效：</p> <table border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" style="width:813px"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="background-color:#ededed; width:805px"> <span style="font-family:Consolas">   </span># sysctl -p</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>5.    检查portmap（rpcbind）和nfslock服务并配置</p> <p>启动rpcbind服务：</p> <table border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" style="width:813px"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="background-color:#ededed; width:805px"> <span style="font-family:Consolas">   </span># systemctl start rpcbind</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>查看rpcbind服务状态：</p> <table border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" style="width:813px"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="background-color:#ededed; width:805px"> <span style="font-family:Consolas">   </span># systemctl status rpcbind</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>设置开机启动rpcbind服务：</p> <table border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" style="width:813px"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="background-color:#ededed; width:805px"> <span style="font-family:Consolas">   </span># systemctl enable rpcbind</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>列出所有rpcbind类型的unit：</p> <table border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" style="width:813px"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="background-color:#ededed; width:805px"> <span style="font-family:Consolas">   </span># systemctl list-units –-type=service | grep rpcbind</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>6.    设置自动挂载</p> <p>备份自动挂接配置文件：</p> <table border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" style="width:813px"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="background-color:#ededed; width:805px"> <span style="font-family:Consolas">   </span># cp -p /etc/auto.master /etc/auto.master.`date +%F_%T`</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>将信息写入配置文件：</p> <table border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" style="width:813px"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="background-color:#ededed; width:805px"> <span style="font-family:Consolas">   </span># echo "/efsclient /etc/auto.nfsc –timeout=60" » /etc/auto.master</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>查看并启用配置：</p> <p>列出autofs服务信息：</p> <table border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" style="width:813px"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="background-color:#ededed; width:805px"> <span style="font-family:Consolas">   </span> # systemctl list-units –-type=service | grep autofs</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>设置autofs服务开机自启动：</p> <table border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" style="width:813px"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="background-color:#ededed; width:805px"> <span style="font-family:Consolas">   </span># systemctl enable autofs</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>列出autofs服务信息：</p> <table border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" style="width:813px"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="background-color:#ededed; width:805px"> <span style="font-family:Consolas">   </span># systemctl list-units –-type=service | grep autofs</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>开启autofs服务：</p> <table border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" style="width:813px"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="background-color:#ededed; width:805px"> <span style="font-family:Consolas">   </span># systemctl start autofs</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>7.    配置auto.nfsc文件：</p> <table border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" style="width:813px"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="background-color:#ededed; width:805px"> <span style="font-family:Consolas">   </span># vi auto.nfsc</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>写入卷信息：</p> <table border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" style="width:813px"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="background-color:#ededed; width:805px"> <span style="font-family:Consolas">   </span>test -rw,soft,intr,rsize=32768,wsize=32768,tcp,timeo=300 10.10.10.10:/tmp/servertest</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>保存auto.nfsc</p> <p>说明：</p> <p>第一段test为客户端挂载点；</p> <p>第二段为挂载参数：rw为读写模式、ro为只读模式；</p> <p>第三段10.10.10.10:/tmp/servertest是cloud NAS卷路径；</p> <p>使配置生效：</p> <table border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" style="width:813px"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="background-color:#ededed; width:805px"> <span style="font-family:Consolas">   </span># systemctl restart autofs</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>8.    触发automount自动挂卷：</p> <table border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" style="width:813px"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="background-color:#ededed; width:805px"> <span style="font-family:Consolas">   </span># ls -dl /efsclient/test/</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>9.    验证挂载是否成功，若能看到挂载的信息，表示挂载成功：</p> <table border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" style="width:813px"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="background-color:#ededed; width:805px"> <span style="font-family:Consolas">   </span># df -t nfs -Ph | grep /tmp/servertest</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>验证读写：</p> <table border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" style="width:813px"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="background-color:#ededed; width:805px"> <span style="font-family:Consolas">   </span># touch /efsclient/test/test.txt</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>     </p>

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方法一：手动挂载
方法二：自动挂载
CentOS6.X 客户端配置自动挂载
CentOS7.X 客户端配置自动挂载